2-Week Journey Through Central & Eastern Europe: History

Television Tower

Soar to the top of this iconic symbol of Berlin in just 40 seconds, and enjoy amazing views from its observation deck.

The 1960s TV Tower (Fernsehturm) is possibly the best surviving example of East Germany’s architectural legacy. In total, it is 1,197 feet tall (368 meters), but you can only go 666 ft to the observation deck, or a bit higher if you have a ticket to the revolving Sphere Restaurant. You ascend in one of two 10-person elevators that take a mere 40 seconds to reach the observation deck.

DDR Museum

Experience life in Communist East Germany in this interactive museum.

This brilliantly evocative and interactive museum helps visitors imagine what life under the Communist East German regime was like. A homage to Ostalgie (nostalgia for East Germany), it offers up memories of the school system, pioneer camps (something like Communist scouts), and the wonderfully clumsy attempts to rival Western clothing and food fashions. It'd all be adorable, if it weren't so oppressive.

Nikolaikirche

Visit the beautifully restored medieval Gothic church which gave the surrounding neighborhood its name.

Dating all the way back to the earliest days of Berlin, this church was probably built just after Berlin was granted town privileges. An unusual feature of its interior is the bright colouring of the vault ribbings: the orange, purple, green and other vivid lines look like a 1960s Pop Art addition, but actually follow a medieval pattern discovered by a 1980s restorer.

Nikolaiviertel

Escape to Berlin's medieval past in this reconstructed historic district.

The Nikolaiviertel or St. Nicholas Quarter is Berlin's oldest residential area. With its medieval lanes and numerous restaurants and bars, it was a favorite haunt of the artistically-minded in the years before WWII, but that war left it a devastated wasteland. In the 1980's the East German regime attempted a renovation of the neighborhood based on historical models, but the “old Berlin” illusion is not all entirely convincing. The use of East German construction techniques is glaringly obvious in some places, such as prefabricated gables and corrugated concrete panels. As a result, it was scornfully nicknamed “Honecker's Disneyland” after the former East German leader, but today it is a historic curiousity in its own right.

Hackesche Höfe

Stop for a drink or go shopping within Berlin’s most beautiful courtyards.

These nine courtyards are classic examples of Art Deco. Built in 1905-1907 to house businesses, flats and places of entertainment, Hackesche Höfe was conceived of as an antidote to the dowdy and overcrowded courtyards of working-class Berlin. They are elaborately decorated with blue mosaic tiles and other artistic finishes, but nevertheless preserve a layout that was highly typical of much of pre-war Berlin.

Haus Schwarzenberg

Explore a traditional Berlin alleyway courtyard which harbours a trio of small museums relating to the Jewish experience during WWII.

The courtyard's crumbling and grafittied facades give visitors a feel for Berlin tenement life during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the museums is the fascinating Museum Blindenwerkstatt Otto Wendt (free; open 10am-8pm daily). It is located in the former rooms of a broom and brush factory run by one Otto Wendt, whose employees were mainly deaf, blind and Jewish. He managed to protect his workers from the concentration camps by having the factory declared essential to the war effort.

New Synagogue

Visit one of the most important legacies of Berlin's pre-Holocaust Jewish community.

The partially reconstructed synagogue was damaged on Kristallnacht, an anti-Jewish Nazi pogrom. It was not completely destroyed thanks to the intervention of the local police chief. Its ultimate destruction was left to Allied bombers and reconstruction didn’t begin until the late 1980s. While large parts remain unreconstructed, it is still possible to visit the interior.

Brandenburg Gate

Quadriga. Hey, There's a Word to Know When Learning About this Historic Gate

The Brandenburg Gate was built as a symbol of peace, perverted into a symbol of power by the Nazis, and became a symbol of division during the Cold War. Now, however, it is a symbol of reunification. Completed in 1791, it was topped by the quadriga, a chariot drawn by four horses driven by the goddess of peace. Napoleon seized the quadriga as a spoil of war, but after his defeat, it was returned to the city and met by cheering crowds along the way, transforming the goddess of peace into a goddess of victory, holding a  Germanic cross.

Reichstag

Make your way to the top of the dome enjoying amazing views and looking down at debating members of the German Parliament below.

Officially, the Reichstag is actually the Bundestag, which means the federal parliament. The Reichstag was reduced to a ruined shell by arson in 1933 and by World War II fighting, but it was rebuilt with a striking egg-shaped glass dome. Visitors are given a free audio guide that discusses the building’s history and architecture, while also orientating you to the sites of Berlin. It is an excellent introduction to the city. Note that it is usually necessary to book well in advance!

Brandenburg Gate

Quadriga. Hey, There's a Word to Know When Learning About this Historic Gate

The Brandenburg Gate was built as a symbol of peace, perverted into a symbol of power by the Nazis, and became a symbol of division during the Cold War. Now, however, it is a symbol of reunification. Completed in 1791, it was topped by the quadriga, a chariot drawn by four horses driven by the goddess of peace. Napoleon seized the quadriga as a spoil of war, but after his defeat, it was returned to the city and met by cheering crowds along the way, transforming the goddess of peace into a goddess of victory, holding a  Germanic cross.

Reichstag

Make your way to the top of the dome enjoying amazing views and looking down at debating members of the German Parliament below.

Officially, the Reichstag is actually the Bundestag, which means the federal parliament. The Reichstag was reduced to a ruined shell by arson in 1933 and by World War II fighting, but it was rebuilt with a striking egg-shaped glass dome. Visitors are given a free audio guide that discusses the building’s history and architecture, while also orientating you to the sites of Berlin. It is an excellent introduction to the city. Note that it is usually necessary to book well in advance!

Sony Center

Check out the futuristic and ground-breaking Sony Center at Potsdamer Platz.

The visually dramatic and future-aesthetic Sony Center is a complex of entertainment, shopping, and office buildings surrounding a plaza canopied by a tentlike glass roof with supporting beams radiating out like bicycle spokes. It also integrates rare relics from Potsdamer Platz's prewar era, such as the opulent Kaisersaal – a fragment of the luxurious pre-war Esplanade Hotel.

Holocaust Memorial

Wander amongst 2,711 columns forming a vast mazelike Holocaust memorial.

The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. It consists of a 19,000 square meter site with over 2700 concrete slabs that grow larger and more ominous as you approach the center of the monument. Beneath the monument lies an information center.

Jewish Museum

Unveil a fascinating story of triumph, tragedy, and also everyday life in Germany's leading Jewish history museum.

The history of Germany’s once-thriving Jewish population and culture is brilliantly detailed behind American architect Daniel Libeskind’s equally brilliant and shimmering titanium-zinc facade.

Trabi Museum

Sit behind the wheel of East Germany's infamously toxic Trabi.

This little museum is devoted to East Germany's iconic product - the Trabant automobile. Here you'll learn to appreciate the “fewer parts means less trouble” principles of the fibreglass car.

Topography of Terror

Learn about the horrors of Nazism and the security apparatus it used to enforce its will in this documentation center.

The center has free admission. It is located on a site that headquartered Adolf Hitler's elite killers, the SS, the Gestapo secret police and the Reich Main Security Office, making it the main cog in the Nazi security regime. Standing there today in testament to the evil perpetrated during those years is the Topography of Terror, Germany’s most significant museum on the agents of Nazi terror.

Prague Castle

Prague Castle is one of the main attractions in Prague and is also the largest castle complex in the world.

The Prague Castle is the largest castle complex in the world with structures dating back to the 9th century. The St Vitus Cathedral and Basilica of St George can be found within the castle walls. The Prague Castle also includes several gardens, palaces, and a monastery. This castle was the seat of power for the Kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman Emperors, and presidents of former Czechoslovakia. Prague Castle is a UNESCO world heritage site and is one of the most visited places in the country.

Charles Bridge

Cross the river dividing Prague's most historic neighborhoods, and experience one of Europe's most iconic landmarks.

Bridge construction began in 1357 under King Charles IV (hence the name), and it was the only bridge across the Vltava River until 1841. 30 baroque statues of saints line the bridge, and it is filled with street artists and entertainers. Not to be missed.

Maltese Square & Lennon Wall

See a historic wall that has been covered in John Lennon-inspired graffiti since Communist days.

The wall has been covered in graffiti since the 1960s, and during Communism anti-regime sentiment was common. John Lennon's assassination inspired grafitti reflecting his song, Imagine, which earned the wall its current moniker. It is now a favorite gathering place for tourists, and musicians sometimes congregate there as well. Just around the corner is the Maltese Square, which is one of Prague's more quaint and relaxed public spaces, despite being just off the main tourist route.

St Vitus Cathedral

Venture into a mesmerizing gothic church which is the resting place of saints, Bohemian kings, and Holy Roman emperors .

Located within the castle walls and acting as a symbol of the Czech nation, St Vitus Cathedral is the country's largest and most prominent church. Although construction on the cathedral began in 1344 it was not completed for another 600 years, although the later construction was faithful to the original medieval design. It even contains stained glass windows from the famed Czech artist Alfons Mucha. Entry to the front nave is free, although the crypts and other parts of the church are paid entry.

Golden Lane

Wander a narrow street of brightly painted and picturesque cottages literally built out from the walls of the castle.

The Golden Lane is a street situated within the castle grounds. Originally built in the 16th century to house Rudolf II's castle guards, it takes its name from the goldsmiths that lived there in the 17th century. Throughout history, it's been occupied by castle guards, goldsmiths, and others, including for a short time Franz Kafka. The houses are now filled by shops.

Strahov Monastery

Wander just slightly off-the-beaten-path to discover a hilltop medieval monastery with a stucco-paneled theological hall, a vast library, and a baroque church.

Strahov Monastery was founded in 1143 and in 1420, during the Hussite wars, it was attacked and plundered by the citizens of Prague. Luckily, this was before the monastery's prize attraction was built; a magnificent library with a magnificently painted ceiling. The monastery also contains a beautiful Baroque church, and you can find one of Prague's best viewpoints in the vineyards planted near its south entrance.

Lobkowicz Palace

Take an intimate audio tour of an art-filled palace, which is narrated by its owners.

The Lobkowicz Palace is the only privately owned building in the Prague Castle complex. The excellent museum tells the fascinating tale of the noble family that once resided within it. An audio guide is narrated by actual family members, who tell the back story behind the beautiful art and artifacts their ancestors collected over the centuries, and describe their flight to America after Nazi and Communist political persecution.

Petřín Observatory Tower

Ascend the Czech version of the Eiffel Tower for an astounding 360-degree view.

Petřín Observatory Tower is a cast iron observation tower, built in 1891, that resembles the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Although this structure is only 64m tall, because it is built on a hill it is technically higher than the Eiffel Tower. Visitors enjoy a panoramic view of not only the city center, but also the suburbs and countryside surrounding Prague.

Petřín Mirror Labyrinth

Get delightfully lost in a 19th-century, mirrored labyrinth.

This maze of mirrors was created for an 1891 Exhibition, and it was so popular that it is still open today. It is great fun for kids and adults, especially the trick mirrors. There is also a mural showing a battle which took place on the Charles Bridge in 1648.

Petřín Funicular Railway

Ride an incline railway to the top of the wooded Petřín Hill to discover forest paths and beautiful city views.

This inclined railway takes visitors to the top of Petřín Hill, where they can ascend the Observation Tower or take a walk through the beautiful forest park overlooking Prague. Riders can also get off at the middle station of the railway and visit one of several restaurants overlooking the city.

Charles Bridge

Cross the river dividing Prague's most historic neighborhoods, and experience one of Europe's most iconic landmarks.

Bridge construction began in 1357 under King Charles IV (hence the name), and it was the only bridge across the Vltava River until 1841. 30 baroque statues of saints line the bridge, and it is filled with street artists and entertainers. Not to be missed.

Church of St. Nicholas

Stare in wonder at Prague's largest and most beautiful baroque church.

Construction on this elegant and incredibly ornate church began in 1745 and took 100 years and 3 generations of architects to complete. You can also climb the tower for a view.

Wallenstein Garden

Escape to these tranquil 17th-century gardens located behind the walls of the Senate palace.

Open from April to October, these grand late renaissance gardens feature a massive limestone grotto created by artificial stalactites, ornamental pools, & classically-inspired statues. Most tourists miss this hidden gem, as the gardens are reached through inconspicious passageways in Wallenstein Palace, which houses the Czech Senate, and the nearby the Malostranská Metro station.

Maltese Square & Lennon Wall

See a historic wall that has been covered in John Lennon-inspired graffiti since Communist days.

The wall has been covered in graffiti since the 1960s, and during Communism anti-regime sentiment was common. John Lennon's assassination inspired grafitti reflecting his song, Imagine, which earned the wall its current moniker. It is now a favorite gathering place for tourists, and musicians sometimes congregate there as well. Just around the corner is the Maltese Square, which is one of Prague's more quaint and relaxed public spaces, despite being just off the main tourist route.

Infant Jesus of Prague

See the Infant Jesus of Prague, a wax effigy of the baby Jesus credited with many miracles, which attracts visitors from around the world.

The church was completed in 1613 in the Baroque style and houses the 18.5-inch statue. The church is somewhat plain in comparison to most churches in Prague, but visitors come to see the Infant Jesus of Prague (il Bambino di Praga).

Wenceslas Square

Experience a mishmash of interesting architecture on Wenceslas Square, Prague's main commercial center.

The square, which could also be described as a wide boulevard, is named after the Patron Saint of Bohemia, whose statue can be seen at the top of the square. Many historical events have taken place here, including the demonstrations of the Velvet Revolution in 1989, which resulted in the collapse of the Communist regime. Today the square is lined by department stores, hotels, and office buildings, many of them notable architectural highlights of the 19th, 20th, and 21st century.

Municipal House

Tour a breathtaking art nouveau venue and stay for a concert, opera, or ballet.

The stunning concert hall is open for tours and hosts performances on most evenings. The main hall is painted by famous Czech artists including Alfons Mucha. A beautiful cafe and restaurant are also housed in the building, and you can find one of Prague's most ornate pubs in the cellar (the "American Bar").

Dancing House

Stroll down the river to find this curvaceous office block designed by Frank Gehry, and whi msically nicknamed Fred & Ginger.

There is no tour of the interior, so most visitors just snap a photo and head out. However, there is a restaurant and bar at the top called Ginger&Fred. For a spectacular view of the city check out the terrace on the top floor (only for paying customers).

National Theater

Experience nationally-sponsored ballet & opera in a magnificent venue.

This concert hall is Prague's most prestigious, and it is not only a symbol of the 19th century Czech national revival but also arguably one of the most beautiful concert venues in Europe. Unfortunately, tours are not regularly offered, but you may attend an opera or ballet if you purchase tickets in advance. The riverfront near the concert hall is one of the most photographed spots in Prague.

National Museum

Explore an interesting museum collection in a grand building completed in 1891.

The recently renovated and improved National Museum is fronted by the iconic equestrian statue of "good king Wenceslas". Beyond it's dramatic exterior you'll find a grand staircase which is a highlight of any visit. Founded in 1818, the museum played a major role in bringing natural science and history to the common man, and also played an important part in the Czech national revival occurring in the 19th century.

Old Jewish Cemetery

Take an unforgettable visit to one of Europe's largest medieval Jewish cemeteries.

As the Jewish Ghetto was quite cramped, there was no room to expand the cemetery. Unable to acquire further land, and not wishing to dishonor ancestors through the demolition of existing graves, Prague's Jews buried their loved ones in multiple levels. Gravestones are packed in tightly and in some areas the burials reach 12 layers!

Spanish Synagogue

Discover the synagogue considered by many to be Prague's most beautiful.

Completed in 1868, the Spanish Synagogue is the newest synagogue in Prague's Jewish Quarter, but happens to be built on the site of the former Oldest Synagogue in Prague. It is built in a stunning Spanish Moorish style as a symbol of the flowering of the Jewish culture which occurred under Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula.

Old-New Synagogue

See the oldest surviving synagogue in Europe and also one of Prague's earliest Gothic buildings.

When built it was Prague’s newest synagogue, but over time became its oldest – hence the “Old-New”. A beautiful ark holds the Torah and legend says its attic is the hiding place of the legendary clay Golem.

Old Town Square

Make sure to visit one of Europe's most important, historic, and stunning city squares.

The square is filled with rich history and surrounded by many beautiful old buildings, such as the gothic church of Our Lady before Týn and the baroque church of St. Nicholas. At the center of the square is a large statue of Jan Hus, a church reformer burnt at the stake in 1415, and a lovely and recently-restored column topped by the Virgin Mary. Today the square is filled with street performers, food stalls, and horse-drawn carriages.

Old Town Hall and Astronomical Clock

See Prague's most photographed moment when the late medieval timepiece constructed on the side of the Old Town Hall Tower comes to life at the top of the hour.

Apostles proceed from the tower’s 1410 astronomical clock hourly, flanked by figures representing vanity, greed, death, and pleasure. You can also take an elevator to the top of the Old Town Hall tower for a great view of the Old Town Square and rooftops. Tours of the town hall and its gothic cellars are also offered.

Church of Our Lady before Týn

Count the spires on the Church of Our Lady Týn before discovering the hidden courtyard behind it.

The 14th-century, Gothic church is a stunning structure with asymmetrical towers (note that the one on the right is slightly larger than the one on the left). It is the dominant feature of Old Town square and serves as an extensive gallery of Gothic, Renaissance and Early Baroque works. The church is the final resting place for the great astronomer Tycho Brahe.

Clementinum

Discover a large historical complex of buildings and courtyards "hidden in plain sight" within the Old Town.

Founded as an abbey in the 11th century and later transformed into a Jesuit university, it is the second largest complex of buildings in Prague after the castle and contains four separate churches. Guided tours begin at 10am, and include an awe-inspiring Baroque library hall and the Astronomical Tower, from which you have a beautiful view of the Old Town.

State Opera House

Visit the famous opera house on a guided tour, or better yet, enjoy a world-class performance.

Once the most pre-eminent music hall in the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire, it still dwarfs its surroundings. It was mostly destroyed in bombing during WWII, but the lavish and stunning foyer was encased in a protective structure and saved, and the rest was rebuilt. Just across from the State Opera house is the famous Hotel Sacher, home of the Sachertorte.

Imperial Treasury

See firsthand the treasures collected by Austrian emperors over the last 1,000 years.

The Imperial Treasury is today a museum collection of the secular and religious treasures amassed by the Austrian emporers. You'll see crowns, coronation robes, scepters, bejeweled swords, precious gems, religious relics, and much more. Be sure to get an audio guide.

Spanish Riding School

See an equestrian performance from a world-famous riding school dating back to 1572.

Originally founded in order to train horses for the complicated maneuvers necessary in battle, the riding school today is dedicated to the preservation of classical dressage and the training of the renowned white Lipizzaner stallions. It offers regular demonstrations & shows and is located in the interior of a palace.

Café Central

Dine in an elegant 19th century cafe.

The soaring gothic ceilings and fine cuisine of the Café Central made it the frequent haunt of historic figures such as Freud and Trotsky. Reservations are highly recommended.

Hofburg Palace

Tour the palaces and courtyards of the massive Hofburg Palace complex.

The complex consists of numerous palaces which once housed the imperial family during the winter months, and also held the offices which were used to administer the state. They now hold museums and collections from the imperial past. There are also grand plazas and pleasant gardens, such as the enchanting Burggarten.

St. Stephen's Cathedral

Visit this awe-inspiring cathedral which is one of the most important and renowned Gothic buildings in Central Europe.

The cathedral is Vienna’s most famous landmark and dominates the Inner City. Founded in 1147 A.D. and built over hundreds of years, it has elements of both Romanesque and Gothic architecture. You can also climb the (many) steps of the tower for a view.

The Graben

Walk the most famous street in Vienna and see stunning monuments and beautiful architecture.

Vienna’s main street since the Middle Ages, this wide pedestrian boulevard abounds in cafes, smart shops, and atmosphere. There are two fountains and a column (built as thanks for the end of the plague), which are beautiful examples of Baroque architecture. Also hidden on the street is the world's most beautiful public restroom.

Mozarthaus

Get to know Mozart in his former apartment, where he spent his happiest years.

Despite his modern-day association with Salzburg, Mozart's time in Vienna was his most productive and happy. Here you can learn about Mozart and what life was like for him and others in the city at the time. You can listen to musical selections and see original scores and other materials.

Peterskirche (Church of St. Peter)

Step into this heavenly 18th-century church featuring incredibly ornate baroque art & architecture.

This church from the early 1700's is Vienna’s first domed baroque building. Amazing architectural details are crammed into the small interior, and glass crypts contain the human remains of martyred saints. There are daily organ recitals in the church.

Jewish Museum

Discover Vienna's rich history of Jewish life.

The museum is located in two separate buildings within the Inner City (one ticket covers both). The branch on the Judenplatz showcases medieval Jewish life, including a virtual tour of life in the 14th century. It is fronted by a monumental Holocaust Memorial. The main branch is located on the street Dorotheergasse.

Matthias Church

Visit this lovely, late-gothic church and learn its storied history.

This 13th century church is named after King Matthius, who was married here twice. Under Turkish occupation it was converted into a Mosque, then reconverted into a baroque church, and finally was splendidly reinvented in the late 1800's by combining historic elements with neo-Gothic reconstruction. It holds the tomb of Béla III, one of Hungary's tallest medieval kings.

Fisherman's Bastion

Take in stunning panoramic views from this faux fortress with 7 turreted lookout towers.

This fanciful late-19th century creation replaced the original walls where the Fisherman's guild was responsible for town defense. It offers outstanding views of Pest and the river. More photos are taken here than any other place in Budapest. The upper terrace of the bastion offers the best views, but you must pay for entry.

Palace Courtyard

Discover a beautiful fountain in this courtyard in the center of the castle complex.

The north gate into the courtyard features a raven (the symbol of the famed King Matthias) and the south gate features two lions. In the center of the square is a statue of a cowboy and horse from the Hungarian plains. Most strikingly, an ornate fountain shows King Matthias on a hunt and the peasant girl who fell in love with him.

National Gallery

Experience exquisite Hungarian national art in this museum located in the former Royal Palace.

The museum contains the most important collection of Hungarian art works from the 15th century to the modern day. Exquisite Gothic altarpieces, Károly Lotz's Secession-era paintings, and Mihály Munkácsy's tender realism are only a few of its many highlights.

St. Stephen's Basilica

Enjoy an awe-inspiring visit to this vast cupola-topped church; the most famous in Budapest.

Completed in 1905, the construction of the neo-classical Catholic church took over 50 years. The mummified hand of Hungary's first king, St. Stephen, is kept in a small chapel in the rear. Take a lift to the dome to enjoy one of Budapest's most interesting panoramic views. The church hosts frequent concerts.

Széchenyi Chain Bridge

Stroll across a beautiful landmark 19th-century suspension bridge which is a symbol of Budapest.

This was Budapest's first permanent bridge over the Danube, enabling the cities of Buda and Pest to merge. Named after Count István Széchenyi, it hangs from iron chains (hence, the Chain Bridge) anchored by two towering river piers. These piers were the only elements to survive WWII fighting. The rest was rebuilt.

Café Gerbeaud

Enjoy a leisurely coffee and cake in one of Budapest's most storied cafes.

Over 160 years old, with a grand, high-ceilinged dining room, the cafe is deservedly one of Budapest's most popular attractions. It serves coffee, mouthwatering Hungarian pastries, and traditional bistro dishes. It retains the elegance and sophistication of its 19th century origins, and the terrace sits on the lively Vörösmarty Square.

Gresham Palace

Take a peak at this pearl of art nouveau architecture, which now houses a Four Seasons Hotel.

The hotel doesn't mind tourists exploring the lavish arcade on the first floor, as it is lined by shops and a café. Be sure to note the organic themes of the façade and the beautiful wrought iron peacock gate on the north side of the building.

Heroes' Square

A dramatic square at the end of Adrássy Avenue, displaying statues of the leaders of 7 tribes who founded Hungary.

The vast square was the center of the Millenium celebrations in 1896, which celebrated Hungary's 1,000th anniversary. The Millenium Monument features a central column and two massive colonnades. The column is topped by the Archangel Gabriel, who offered the crown to Hungary's first king, Stephen. Along the base of the column and colonnades are romantic representations of Hungarian historical figures. The two chariots atop the colonnades represent war and peace.

Vajdahunyad Castle

This fantastical castle with a boating lake shows the evolution of Hungarian architecture in its elaborate design.

Built for the 1896 Millenium celebrations as a temporary exhibit, the castle proved so popular that it was rebuilt as a permanent structure. It's divided into sections by architectural style as a demonstration of the historical phases of Hungary. Each section is fashioned after a renowned Hungarian example of that architectural style.

Budapest Zoo

One of Europe's most enjoyable zoos with hundreds of animal species and historic architecture throughout the park.

The Secession style architecture of the buildings is a delight, incorporating animals and natural themes into the structures. Adjacent to the zoo is Holnemvolt Park, which combines animal exhibits with theme park rides. One ticket covers both.

State Opera House & Opera Metro Station

Experience an unforgettable visit to the incredibly lavish neo-Renaissance Hungarian State Opera House.

The Opera House is a symbol of the Hungarian nation and is one of it's most beautiful buildings. It is among the world's finest venues in terms of beauty and acoustics. When completed in 1886, the Austro-Hungarian Emperor was said to be upset because it outshone the opera house of Vienna. You can experience a performance here, or take an entertaining guided tour.

House of Terror Museum

Experience a chilling museum documenting the terrors of Fascism & Communism in Hungary .

This somber and foreboding interactive museum tells the tragic story of Hungary's totalitarian experiences under Fascism and Communism. It is located in the headquarters building of the Arrow Cross Party (Hungarian fascists), and later the Communist secret police after WWII. Hear stories of those who suffered as well as their oppressors, and wander the dank cells where victims were tortured and interrogated.

Great Synagogue

Stare in awe at Europe's largest synagogue (and the second largest in the world).

Also known as the Dohány Street Synagogue, it possesses a striking Byzantine Moorish style exterior with an ornate dome, and an opulent interior. Adjacent to it are a memorial to the Holocaust in the form of a weeping willow, and a museum of Jewish culture. Entry is by guided tour only, although wait times can be very long so booking early is recommended.

Szimpla Kert

Discover Budapest's most unique form of nightlife - pubs located in the ruins of old buildings!

Szimpla Kert was the first pub located in a ruin, and it started a trend that is now a Budapest institution. These pubs have an eclectic vibe and are a great place to mix with the locals as well as other visitors. The concept dates back to the early 2000s when entrepreneurs took over abandoned spaces within dilapidated buildings for underground events. The 7th district, i.e. the Jewish Quarter, is the best place to find them.

Holocaust Memorial Center

Learn about the Holocaust in a former synagogue which honors Hungarian Jews killed in WWII.

The refurbished 1920s synagogue now serves as a museum and memorial for Hungarian Jewish victims of the Holocaust. It also functions as a documentation center. Note, it is actually not located in the Jewish Quarter, which is in Budapest's 7th District, but the nearby 9th District.

Váci Street (Váci utca)

Walk one of Budapest's main pedestrian thoroughfares, which is very popular with shoppers and tourists.

The street is lined by shops, boutiques, cafés, and restaurants. Many elegant buildings line the street, most dating to the late19th century. Numerous courtyards and passageways branch off from the street. Although touristy, it is an integral part of the city and an interesting place to stroll.

Promenade

Discover why this pedestrian walkway along the Danube River, with it's beautiful views of the river and castle, is a favorite of both locals and visitors alike.

This promenade above the river embankment was the place to see-and-be-seen in 19th century Budapest. Cafes and luxury hotels lined the promenade, taking advantage of stunning views of the castle. They were destroyed in WWII and replaced with large modern hotels, eliminating some of the charm. The view, however, is still incredible.

Central Market Hall

Shop in a huge market hall built in the late 19th century.

This restored neo-gothic Market Hall is a favorite with visitors but also still visited by locals for its outstanding food stands and grocery stalls on the ground floor. On the upper levels, you can shop for souvenirs and traditional Hungarian goods & crafts.

Margaret Island

Join the locals and explore this island on the Danube which holds an enchanting park and baths.

This island park is an oasis of tranquility and a favorite retreat of locals. It is connected by one of the city's prettiest bridges, the Margit Híd (the Margaret Bridge). King Béla IV promised his 9 year old daughter Margaret to God after the Mongols retreated from Hungary, giving the island its name.

Old Town-Rail Station Tunnel

Cloth Hall

Take home something special from a vast market hall built in the 14th century, which is surrounded by arcaded passageways and topped with rows of gargoyles.

The covered market continues a centuries-old tradition with an eclectic range of goods of sale – you might be most interested in the amber jewelry or the handicraft items from the Podhale region. On the upper floor, you will find the 19th Century Polish Art Museum which features truly beautiful and under-appreciated artwork that packs a mighty patriotic punch.

Royal Palace

Stop to admine the beautiful Renaissance-style arcaded courtyard before venturing inside the palace.

Visitors can take a guided tour inside the Royal Private Apartments where they will see several exceptionally beautiful rooms, as well as the magnificent Sigismund Augustus tapestries, which provide an incredibly detailed insight into life in the 1550s. The State Rooms of the palace meanwhile can be visited independently, and also contain some excellent tapestries, as well as carved ceilings, furnishings, and artwork.

Wawel Cathedral

Experience a visual feast of Polish history and beautiy in the castle's cathedral.

The Wawel Cathedral is perhaps Poland's most important church, as it is here that its Kings were coronated and buried. Indeed a visit to the church provdes a Polish history lesson, as you learn the stories of the kings and queens who are buried there. Even when Poland was wiped off the political map from the late 18th to early 20th centuries, Poles maintained its symbolic significance by interring the remains of its great poets and men of letters beneath the cathedral.

Lost Wawel

Venture below ground to explore the castle's earliest history.

Lost Wawel could be described as the castle’s hidden find. You descend into the medieval ruins of the castle via an elevated walkway - it is quite an experience.

Szeroka

Visit the historic street that was the center of Kazimierz's Jewish community.

This wide street (Szeroka actually means wide) acted as a sort of square and marketplace for the community. While today well-maintained buildings line it, in the 19th century it would have been better described as "bustling" than "quaint". You can find all the major Jewish heritage sites nearby, including Krakow's oldest synagoague, the fortress-like Old Synagogue, which sits on the southern end of the street. Today it houses a museum of Jewish heritage.

Tempel Synagogue

Enjoy the splendor of this 19th-century synagogue with an opulate Moorish interior.

Unlike the older synagogues, which sometimes appeared more like fortresses than places of worship, the Tempel Synagogue is an architectural gem that represents a period of new-found confidence and comfort within the surrounding society. It proclaimed Jewish integration into modern society, while also representing its continued faith.

Old Jewish Cemetery (Remuh Cemetery)

Pass through the gates of the Remuh synagogue to find Krakow's most historic cemetery.

The Old Jewish Cemetery contains the graves of many famous Polish Jews, who were buried there from the 1500 to 1800's. The cemetery was largely destroyed by the Nazis, but many of the tombstones have been returned to the site. The entrance is hidden just off of Szeroka Street. Look for the gate across from the green space at the north end of the square. Once inside the courtyard, look for an entrance door on the wall to the right.

Plac Nowy

Hit the spot with a tasty "zapiekanka" before exploring Kazimierz's nightlife.

Once the main square and kosher marketplace of the Jewish community, Plac Nowy's roundhouse of former butcher stands is now occupied by stands selling a special Krakow delicacy known as zapiekanka. Consisting of a toasted piece of baguette loaded with cheese and other toppings of your choosing, no trip to Krakow is complete without trying one. It's a good place to start exploring the nightlife of Kazimierz, Krakow’s youngest and coolest district. You will discover a lively scene on almost any evening.

Corpus Christi Basilica

Venture off the beaten path to discover one of Krakow's most impressive churches.

Kazimierz has always possessed a Christian population as well, and some of Krakow’s prettiest churches are located there, such as the breathtaking Corpus Christi Basilica, with its gothic architecture and soaring baroque altars. Just a few steps from the church you'll find Kazimierz’s largest square, the plac Wolnica. Its neo-Renaissance town hall contains one of the city’s best-hidden finds – the Ethnographic Museum. You will find recreations of life in the Polish countryside, with recreated cottage interiors, school rooms, farming implements, painted eggs, costumes, and much more.

Słowacki Theatre

Experience a performance in a theater built to rival the most beautiful theaters in all of Europe.

Completed in 1893, it was the first building in Krakow equipped with electric lighting. The design was inspired by the best European theaters built in the Eclectic style (i.e. a mix of historic design styles), and its beauty helped make it a central venue in the flowering of Polish dramatic works which took place at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. Today it is still primarily hosts dramas in the Polish-language, but lucky visitors may also be able to catch an opera or concert.

Podgórze

Wander the streets of the former Jewish Ghetto.

Podgórze is the neighborhood where the Krakow Jewish Ghetto was located. At the beginning of the war, only about 3,000 people lived in the district, but over 15,000 Jews were forcibly moved there and surrounded by tall walls and guarded gates. In 1942-3 the ghetto was "liquidated", with residents sent to either labor camps or extermination camps, or simply murdered in the streets. A couple small sections of the wall and a memorial of empty chairs (each chair representing a 1,000 victims) on the ghetto square are among the very few remaining physical reminders of the ghetto. On the corner of the square, you can also visit the small museum of the Apteka pod Orlem (Pharmacy under the Eagle), which was the only pharmacy allowed to operate in the ghetto. The Polish Catholic owner requested permission to operate within the ghetto and provided medical supplies to residents, often for free. Both he and Oscar Schindler were honored by Israel as "Righteous Among the Nations".