Southern European Treasures: A 15-Day Cultural Odyssey in Portugal, Spain & Italy

Our Lady of the Mountain Viewpoint

Start or end your day with the spectacular views from the Chapel of Our Lady of the Mountain.

This scenic viewpoint of Our Lady of the Mountain, known in Portuguese as Capela da Senhora do Monte, is situated at one of the highest points in Lisbon, providing an exceptional vantage point over the city. Built in the late 18th century, the chapel is dedicated to Our Lady of the Mountain, a revered figure among locals. The simple yet charming interior houses a revered statue of the Virgin Mary. Outside, the chapel's terrace offers a breathtaking panoramic outlook over the city, including the Castle of São Jorge, the River Tagus, and the downtown area. It's a perfect spot for photography and enjoying the sunset.

São Jorge Castle

Discover the historic Castelo de São Jorge with its impressive fortifications and panoramic views over Lisbon.

Castelo de São Jorge, perched atop one of Lisbon's highest hills, is a testament to the city's rich history, dating back to the 11th century. The structure was built by the Moors upon fortifications going back to at least the Roman Empire. The castle has been a royal residence and military stronghold over the centuries. Today, visitors can explore the well-preserved ramparts, towers, and courtyards, while enjoying breathtaking views of the city and the Tagus River, making it a must-visit attraction for history enthusiasts and sightseers.

Panteão Nacional

Meet some Portuguese notables and heros...

Most likely, we don't know the names of many of the people who are buried here, memorialized in the National Pantheon of Portugal. But we probably could learn something from their lives. The Panteão Nacional is sacred space. Step in here to make a deeper understanding of the Portugal, and its people.

São Vicente de Fora Church and Monastery

Visit the tombs of the Royal Family at this church and monastery

Discover the historic São Vicente de Fora Church and Monastery, a masterpiece of Mannerist architecture that stands as one of Lisbon's most significant religious sites. Built in the late 16th century under the orders of King Philip II of Spain, this complex is dedicated to Saint Vincent, the patron saint of Lisbon.The monastery, still partially active, houses the royal pantheon of the Braganza dynasty and offers visitors a peaceful cloister and a museum showcasing religious art and historical artifacts. The terrace provides stunning views over the Alfama district and the Tagus River.

Sé de Lisbon (Lisbon Cathedral)

Step inside Lisbon's oldest church, the Sé Cathedral, a historical marvel with stunning architectural features.

Sé de Lisboa, also known as the Lisbon Cathedral, is the city’s oldest church, built in 1147 after the reconquest from the Moors. The cathedral showcases a blend of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque architectural styles, with notable features like the rose window, Gothic cloister, and a treasury of sacred art. Its historical significance and stunning interior make it a must-visit landmark for anyone exploring Lisbon.  

Arco da Rua Augusta

It's not the oldest archway in the world, but gosh is it beautiful!

The Arco da Rua Augusta is a grand triumphal arch located at the northern end of Praça do Comércio in Lisbon's Baixa district. Completed in 1875, it commemorates the city's reconstruction after the devastating 1755 earthquake. The arch is adorned with statues of historical figures, including Vasco da Gama and the Marquis of Pombal, and offers panoramic views of Lisbon from its terrace. It serves as a gateway between the bustling Rua Augusta and the expansive Praça do Comércio.

Praça do Comércio

This square opened up onto the riches of the world.

Praça do Comércio, also known as Terreiro do Paço, is a large, waterfront square in Lisbon, bordered by classical 18th-century buildings. It was once the site of the Royal Ribeira Palace before the 1755 earthquake, and today, it is a symbol of Lisbon's resilience and renewal. The square features the Arco da Rua Augusta and a central statue of King José I on horseback. It serves as a central hub for both locals and tourists, offering cafés, restaurants, and views of the Tagus River.

Carmo Archaeological Museum / Igreja do Carmo

A visit to this museum will show you just how deep Portugal's history goes.

The Igreja do Carmo, also known as the Carmo Convent, is a former Gothic church in Lisbon that was partially destroyed in the 1755 earthquake.  The convent now houses the Carmo Archaeological Museum, which established in 1864, showcases a diverse collection of artifacts ranging from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages, including tombs, ceramics, and ancient sculptures. Visitors can explore the evocative open-air nave, where the remains of the church's roofless arches frame the sky, creating a striking backdrop for the exhibits.

Jerónimos Monastery

Discover the stunning Jerónimos Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and one of Lisbon’s most iconic landmarks.

This grand monastery, built in the 16th century, showcases the ornate Manueline style, a uniquely Portuguese blend of Gothic and Renaissance architectural elements. Commissioned by King Manuel I, the monastery was constructed to celebrate Vasco da Gama's successful voyage to India, and it became a symbol of Portugal's Age of Exploration. Visit the Church of Santa Maria, where you can admire the stunning vaulted ceilings and the tombs of famous Portuguese figures, including Vasco da Gama and the poet Luís de Camões. The Jerónimos Monastery stands as a testament to Portugal’s rich history but also offers a serene and inspiring experience for visitors today.  

Belém Tower

Navigate yourself to the historic Belém Tower. (Interiors closed until June 2026)

A UNESCO World Heritage site, and a symbol of Portugal's maritime glory during the Age of Exploration, Belém Tower was built in the early 16th century. This fortress was designed to protect the entrance to Lisbon's harbor and to serve as a ceremonial gateway to the city. The tower, with its distinctive Manueline architecture, is adorned with intricate stone carvings, maritime motifs, and the emblem of the Order of Christ, reflecting Portugal's seafaring legacy. Climb to the top of the tower for panoramic views of the Tagus River and imagine Portugal’s pivotal role in global exploration.

Tropical Botanical Garden

Leave the crowds and mid-day sun for leaves and shade in the Tropical Gardens.

The Tropical Botanical Garden of Lisbon showcases a rich diversity of plant species from around the world. Established in 1906, it was originally designed to study and cultivate plants from Portugal's overseas colonies. Spanning approximately seven hectares, the garden is home to over 500 species of tropical and subtropical plants, including palms, cycads, and exotic trees. As you wander through its serene pathways, you'll encounter rare plants, ponds with water lilies, and a charming greenhouse. The garden also features statues, sculptures, and architectural elements that add to its historic and peaceful atmosphere. It's a perfect escape from the city’s hustle and offers a glimpse into the global reach of Portugal's heritage.

Pastéis de Belém

ONLY HERE are Pastéis de Belém made.

The name is patented; the recipe is patented; Pastéis de Belém is a historic pastry shop located in the Belém district of Lisbon, renowned for its rich history and connection to Portuguese culinary traditions. Founded in 1837, this bakery has been crafting its iconic pastries using a closely guarded recipe originally created by the monks of Jerónimos and passed down through generations. The shop's interior exudes old-world charm, with traditional azulejos (ceramic tiles) adorning the walls. A visit to this iconic establishment offers a taste that spans generations.

National Palace of Pena

Scale the heights to this pleasure-dome of Portuguese Royalty.

The National Palace of Pena, perched atop a peak in the Sintra Mountains of Portugal, is a striking example of 19th-century Romanticism. This colorful palace, in vivid hues of red and yellow, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Portugal's Seven Wonders. Originally a monastery, it was transformed into a royal retreat by King Ferdinand II, who infused the design with eclectic elements from Gothic, Renaissance, and Moorish styles. Visitors can explore its lavishly decorated interiors, including the opulent Royal Dining Room and the serene Chapel of Our Lady of Pena. The palace is surrounded by the Pena Park, a sprawling forested area with exotic plants, winding paths, and stunning viewpoints. A visit to the National Palace of Pena offers a magical glimpse into Portugal's royal history and architectural splendor.

Palace of Sintra

Gain a sense of Portuguese history while wandering this castle's lavish rooms.

The National Palace of Sintra is a stunning example of Manueline and Moorish architecture. A significant site since the 15th century, it is the best-preserved medieval royal residence in Portugal. Distinguished by its two massive, conical chimneys, the palace contains ornate rooms such as the Swan Room, the Magpie Room, and the Coats of Arms Room, each adorned with intricate tilework and ceiling paintings. The palace also features beautifully landscaped courtyards and patios, offering lofty views of the surrounding landscape. A visit to the National Palace of Sintra reveals the lifestyle of Portuguese royalty and the artistic heritage of the region.

The Moorish Castle of Sintra

Add your footsteps to those of kings, guards, lovers and thrill-seekers.

The Moorish Castle of Sintra, perched high on the hills of the Sintra Mountains in Portugal, is a dramatic ruin offering a glimpse into the region's medieval past. Constructed during the 8th and 9th centuries by the Moors, this fortress served as a strategic defensive outpost. Visitors can walk along its restored battlements, which provide breathtaking panoramic views of Sintra, the Atlantic Ocean, and the lush surrounding forests. The castle's stone walls, towers, and ancient cisterns evoke the era of Muslim rule and the subsequent Christian Reconquest. Exploring the Moorish Castle of Sintra is a journey through history, where you can imagine the lives of its inhabitants while enjoying one of the most spectacular vistas in Portugal.

Quinta da Regaleira

Explore the mysterious grounds of this 19th-century chateau... They were designed to be mysterious.

Quinta da Regaleira is an ornate estate located near Sintra's historic center, famous for its elaborate gardens and mysterious symbolism. Commissioned by the wealthy Portuguese businessman António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro and designed by Italian architect Luigi Manini, the estate was completed in 1910 and the estate's design reflects Monteiro's interests in alchemy, Freemasonry, and the Rosicrucians. In 1997, it was purchased by the Portuguese government, has becoming a popular tourist destination.

Setas de Sevilla

Walk above the rooftops of Seville on this strikingly modern wooden parasol.

Discover the contemporary Metropol Parasol, also known as "Las Setas," a striking wooden structure that offers panoramic views of Seville and covers one of the city's main squares. Completed in 2011, it features a lively market, archaeological museum, and rooftop walkway. It's a modern architectural icon blending history and innovation in the heart of the city.

Duenas Palace

Explore the lavish Duenas Palace and its breathtaking gardens.

Although overshadowed by the Royal Alcazar and Casa de Pilatos, you may find the opulent Duenas Palace is your favorite place in Seville. The palace is a stunning example of Andalusian architecture with beautiful gardens, an excellent art collection, and an interesting history that dates back to the 15th century. This palace, once home to the Duchess of Alba, showcases a mix of Renaissance, Gothic, and Moorish styles that are not only beautiful, but perfectly preserved, creating a magical setting.

Alameda de Hércules

Stroll a lively and wide boulevard that is also Seville's oldest public garden.

The Alameda de Hércules is a lively boulevard is adorned with Roman columns and statues of Hercules and is a hub of local culture and nightlife. It was established in 1574 as Seville's oldest public garden, but today it's an ideal spot to experience the city's vibrant social scene amidst locals and to enjoy various cafes and bars.

Casa de Pilatos

Tour one of Seville's most magnificent architectural gems, the Casa de Pilatos.

The splendid Casa de Pilatos is a 16th-century palace renowned for its exquisite Mudéjar, Gothic, and Renaissance architectural elements. The palace features a stunning courtyard, richly decorated rooms, and a remarkable collection of ancient artifacts and artworks. It's a masterpiece of Seville's architectural heritage.

Museum of Fine Arts

Admire Spanish masterpieces at the Museum of Fine Arts.

The Museum of Fine Arts' extensive collection of Spanish art is housed in a former convent. Established in 1839, the museum boasts works by renowned artists such as Murillo, Zurbarán, and Goya. The 17th-century building itself is a beautiful example of Baroque architecture, with tranquil courtyards and ornate interiors.

Mercado de Triana

Quaint indoor bazaar with many vendor stalls selling produce, meat & prepared meals, plus a museum.

Mercado de Triana, situated in the vibrant Triana district of Seville, is a lively market steeped in history and culture. Located on the site of the ancient Castillo de San Jorge, this bustling market offers a rich variety of fresh produce, local delicacies, and traditional Spanish goods. Wander through its colorful stalls to find everything from fresh seafood and Iberian ham to artisanal cheeses and fragrant spices. The market's lively atmosphere and friendly vendors provide an authentic taste of local life. Beyond shopping, visitors can enjoy tapas at one of the market's many bars or explore the small museum dedicated to the history of the Castillo de San Jorge, adding a unique historical dimension to the experience.

Church of Santa Ana

Historic 13th-century Catholic church with Gothic-Mudéjar architecture, a crypt & a museum.

The Real Parroquia de Señora Santa Ana, located in the heart of Seville's Triana district, is one of the city's oldest and most revered churches. Built in the 13th century by King Alfonso X, this Gothic-Mudéjar structure is often referred to as the "Cathedral of Triana." Admire the church's striking exterior with its distinct brickwork and rose window, and step inside to marvel at the richly decorated altarpiece and beautiful chapels. The church holds significant historical and cultural importance, serving as a spiritual center for the local community and a testament to Seville's architectural heritage. Visitors can also explore the nearby Calle Betis, enjoying stunning views of the Guadalquivir River and the historic cityscape.

Teatro Flamenco Triana

Experience a flamenco show in one of Seville's most esteemed venues.

Teatro Flamenco Triana in Seville offers an intimate and authentic experience of Andalusia's most iconic art form. Nestled in the heart of Triana, a neighborhood deeply connected to flamenco's roots, the theater showcases passionate performances by talented local dancers, singers, and guitarists. The venue’s compact size ensures that every visitor has a close-up view, making the emotions and intensity of each performance even more palpable. 

Capilla de los Marineros

Pay a short pilgrimage with the locals to this shrine of Mary.

Capilla de los Marineros is a small chapel located in the heart of the Triana district, dedicated to the Brotherhood of the Esperanza de Triana. The chapel is famous for housing the revered statue of Our Lady of Hope (Esperanza de Triana), one of Seville's most venerated religious icons. The chapel is a key site during Holy Week, when the statue is carried in one of the city's most significant processions. The interior of the Capilla de los Marineros is richly decorated, reflecting the deep religious and cultural traditions of the Triana community.

Seville Alcazar

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Originally a 10th-century fortress, it features the exquisite Patio de las Doncellas, the grand Salón de Embajadores, and lush, expansive gardens.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Spain's rich cultural history and architectural prowess. Originally built in the 10th century as a fortress for the Cordoban governors of Seville, the Alcázar was later transformed into a magnificent royal palace. This evolution resulted in a unique blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, creating a visually stunning and historically significant monument. Visitors can explore the enchanting Patio de las Doncellas, a courtyard renowned for its intricate tilework and lush greenery. The Salón de Embajadores, once the site of grand state affairs, dazzles with its elaborate decoration and regal ambiance. The Alcázar's expansive gardens are a highlight, featuring tranquil fountains, fragrant orange trees, and meticulously maintained landscapes. These gardens offer a serene escape and a vivid glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of Spain's Moorish and Christian rulers.

Seville Cathedral

La Giralda

Visit an ancient acheivement to see Seville both old and new.

La Giralda, an iconic symbol of Seville, is a bell tower of the Seville Cathedral originally built as a minaret during the Almohad dynasty in the 12th century. Standing at 104 meters, it was one of the tallest towers in the world upon completion. The tower combines Islamic and Renaissance architectural styles, with a stunning Renaissance belfry added in the 16th century. Visitors can climb the ramped passageways to the top for panoramic views of Seville. La Giralda's rich history and architectural grandeur make it a highlight of the city's skyline.

Torre del Oro

Visit this tower, one of the Moorish landmarks of the city.

The Torre del Oro is a 13th-century military watchtower situated on the banks of the Guadalquivir River in Seville. Built by the Almohad dynasty, it served as a defensive structure to control access to the river and protect the city from naval attacks. The tower's name, "Tower of Gold," is thought to refer either to the golden hue of its reflection on the river or to its original use as a storage place for gold brought from the Americas. Today, the Torre del Oro houses a small maritime museum and offers panoramic views of the city from its rooftop.

Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza

Step into the ring...

Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza is one of the most famous bullrings in Spain, located in the heart of Seville along the Guadalquivir River. Completed in the 18th century, it is known for its distinctive Baroque façade and is one of the oldest bullrings still in use today. The bullring has a seating capacity of around 12,000 and hosts the annual Feria de Abril, one of the most important events in the Spanish bullfighting calendar. In addition to the bullfights, the site includes a museum that offers insights into the history and tradition of bullfighting in Seville.

Plaza de España

Marvel at its grand architecture, vibrant tilework, and picturesque canal at the Plaza de España

The semi-circular plaza features beautifully painted ceramic tiles representing each province of Spain, showcasing the country's rich cultural heritage. You can rent a rowboat for a serene boat ride along the canal, offering a unique perspective of this iconic landmark. You may also catch a flamenco performance, the traditional dance of Andalusia, as dancers often put on a show for the tourists (tips expected).

Ronda Bullring (Plaza de Toros)

Experience the grandeur of Plaza de Toros, Spain's oldest and most iconic bullring.

Built in 1785, this Neoclassical bullring is renowned for its monumental architecture and historical significance as a birthplace of modern bullfighting. Explore the ring’s sandy arena, follow the path of bulls and bullfighters through the arena complex, and wander through its museum to learn about the art and tradition of bullfighting.

Waterfall & New Bridge View

Marvel at the iconic Mirador Puente Nuevo de Ronda, where breathtaking views of the New Bridge and a stunning waterfall come together in a perfect scene.

This vantage point offers a dramatic perspective of the 18th-century Puente Nuevo, soaring 320 feet (98m) above the El Tajo gorge, with the Guadalevín River cascading into a beautiful waterfall below. The combination of the bridge’s architectural grandeur, the rushing water, and the gorge’s rugged cliffs creates an unforgettable panorama.

Picasso Museum of Barcelona

Hanging modern art on medieval walls, this museum exhibits over 4000 pieces of Picasso's works and memorabilia.

The Picasso Museum in Barcelona, located in the historic El Born district, showcases over 4,000 works by Pablo Picasso, focusing on his formative years and highlighting his blue and rose periods, as well as his ceramics. Set in five medieval palaces, the museum highlights Picasso's iconoclastic artistic evolution and his strong connection to Barcelona.

Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar

14th-century Gothic style church with soaring columns, 3 naves and grand stained glass windows.

Constructed between 1329 and 1383, this basilica is often referred to as the "Cathedral of the Sea." Its impressive and harmonious proportions, featuring soaring columns and a stunningly light and airy interior, reflect the wealth and influence of the medieval maritime and merchant classes of the city. Notable for its stunning rose window, intricate stained glass, and towering facade, Santa Maria del Mar is a testament to the architectural prowess and artistic vision of its time.

El Born Cultural Center

Nestled in a beautifully restored 19th-century market hall, this cultural center offers a unique glimpse into the city's past, with archaeological remains from the 1700s on display beneath its modern glass floors.

El Born Cultural Center is a must-visit highlight in Barcelona, offering a fascinating journey through time. Originally constructed as a market in the late 19th century, the building now houses an impressive collection of artifacts and exhibits that narrate the story of Barcelona from the medieval era to the 18th century. One of its most striking features is the archaeological site below the center, showcasing well-preserved ruins of the medieval city destroyed in 1714 during the War of the Spanish Succession. Wander through this historical gem to discover a vibrant blend of past and present, with rotating exhibitions, cultural events, and a comprehensive library that delves into Catalonia's rich heritage.  

Sagrada Família

Marvel at the awe-inspiring architecture of the Sagrada Familia, an iconic basilica designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí.

The Sagrada Familia, an emblematic symbol of Barcelona, has been under construction since 1882 and is expected to be completed by 2026. This masterpiece of Modernisme combines Gothic and Art Nouveau forms, showcasing Gaudí's unique vision through its intricate facades and soaring towers. Visitors can explore the stunning interior, illuminated by vibrant stained glass windows, and learn about Gaudí's innovative techniques and the basilica's fascinating history. Don't miss the chance to ascend one of the towers for panoramic views of the city.

La Pedrera-Casa Milà

Explore Casa Milà, Gaudí's architectural masterpiece, with its wavy façade, surreal chimneys, and rooftop views.

The undulating stone façade and whimsical wrought-iron balconies make this a true icon of modernist architecture. Inside, discover the innovative design and intricate details of Gaudí's vision, including a museum dedicated to his work. Don't miss the rooftop terrace with its surreal chimneys and stunning views over Barcelona, offering a unique perspective of the city and its architectural heritage.

Casa Batllo

Discover the enchanting world of Casa Batlló, a masterpiece of modernist architecture and one of Gaudí's most extraordinary creations.

Casa Batlló, located in the heart of Barcelona on Passeig de Gràcia, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an iconic symbol of Catalan modernism. Designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí, the building was remodeled in 1904, transforming an ordinary house into a dreamlike, whimsical structure. The façade is a mesmerizing blend of colorful mosaics, flowing shapes, and skeletal balconies that evoke the image of a dragon. Inside, you'll be captivated by the undulating walls, organic forms, and imaginative use of light and space. The attention to detail and the integration of art, nature, and architecture make Casa Batlló a must-see for anyone visiting Barcelona.  

Barcelona Cathedral

Discover the grandeur of Barcelona Cathedral, a stunning Gothic masterpiece known for its intricate facades, soaring spires, and rich history.

Barcelona Cathedral, officially named the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, stands as a testament to the city's medieval heritage. Built between the 13th and 15th centuries, this Gothic marvel is a prime example of the architectural grandeur of the period. Its elaborate exterior features intricate carvings, gargoyles, and towering spires that captivate visitors at first glance. Inside, the cathedral's vast interior is equally impressive, with soaring vaulted ceilings, magnificent stained-glass windows, and a wealth of religious artifacts. The choir stalls, adorned with detailed wood carvings, are particularly notable, as is the crypt of Saint Eulalia, the city's patron saint, which lies beneath the high altar. A visit to the cathedral is not complete without ascending to the rooftop, where visitors are rewarded with panoramic views of Barcelona's historic Gothic Quarter and beyond. The serene cloister, home to 13 white geese, symbolizes the age at which Saint Eulalia was martyred and offers a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.

El Pont del Bisbe

Stroll beneath the enchanting El Pont del Bisbe, a picturesque Gothic bridge that adds a touch of romance and mystery to the heart of Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter.

El Pont del Bisbe, or the Bishop’s Bridge, is one of Barcelona's most photographed landmarks, located on Carrer del Bisbe in the Gothic Quarter. Constructed in 1928, this neo-Gothic bridge was designed by architect Joan Rubió i Bellver and connects the Generalitat Palace to the Casa dels Canonges. Despite its relatively modern construction, El Pont del Bisbe seamlessly blends with the medieval surroundings, featuring intricate stonework and Gothic-style arches. Legend has it that the bridge holds a hidden skull, which is said to grant a wish to those who spot it. Whether you believe in the legend or not, walking under El Pont del Bisbe offers a unique and atmospheric experience, making it a highlight for any visitor exploring the historic streets of Barcelona.  

Cases de l'Onyar

Marvel at the colorful riverfront houses of the Onyar River, a picturesque sight that captures the essence of Girona's historical charm.

The Casas del Onyar are an iconic series of colorful houses that line the banks of the Onyar River in Girona, Spain. These vibrant facades, reflecting in the water, create a stunning visual spectacle that has become a symbol of the city. Dating back to medieval times, these houses have been meticulously preserved and restored, showcasing a variety of architectural styles and hues. Walking along the riverbank or crossing one of the charming pedestrian bridges, visitors can appreciate the harmonious blend of history and aesthetics. The area is not just visually appealing but also steeped in history, with each house telling a story of Girona's rich cultural heritage.  

Girona Cathedral

Marvel at the grandeur of Girona Cathedral, an architectural gem blending Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles, offering breathtaking views over the city from its elevated position.

Perched atop 90 steps, the Girona Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona, dominates the skyline with its imposing presence. Construction began in the 11th century, and its design evolved over centuries, incorporating a unique mix of architectural styles. The cathedral boasts the widest Gothic nave in the world, a testament to the city's historical wealth and artistic ambition. Inside, visitors can admire exquisite stained glass windows, a beautifully carved altarpiece, and a collection of medieval manuscripts and artifacts. The cathedral's location provides a stunning panoramic view of Girona, making it a must-visit highlight for both its historical significance and aesthetic beauty.  

Arab Baths

Step back in time at the Arab Baths, a stunning example of medieval architecture inspired by Roman and Moorish influences.

The Arab Baths, or Banys Àrabs, in Girona are a unique blend of Roman and Moorish architectural styles, dating back to the 12th century. Originally constructed as public baths, they feature a distinct layout with a central octagonal pool, surrounded by slender columns and intricately carved arches. The baths were used for various purposes, including hygiene, relaxation, and social gatherings, reflecting the cultural influences of the time. Today, visitors can explore the well-preserved structure and admire its historical significance and architectural beauty. The serene ambiance and the detailed stonework offer a fascinating glimpse into Girona's rich past.  

Colosseum

Ancient Roman Ampitheater

Monumental Roman amphitheater once used for gladiatorial games

Medici Villa

Take a peak at a 16th-century cardinal's villa that was once considered one of the grandest residences in the city.

Built-in 1564-74 and bought by Cardinal Ferdinando de'Medici in 1576, who further enlarged it, the Medici Villa was considered one of the grandest residences in the city. Galileo was held under house arrest here by the Inquisition in 1630-3. In 1801, the villa was bought by Napoleon and the French Academy was transferred here where it has remained to this day, meaning it is closed to the general public. French students who win the Prix de Rome are sent to study here for periods of six months to two years at the expense of the French government. Well-known scholars include Berlioz, Debussy, and Ingres. It remains one of the most important cultural institutions in Europe and the most beautiful villas to have preserved its garden in the center of Rome.

Galleria Borghese

Visit Rome's most famous art gallery outside of the Vatican Museums.

The gallery started out as the private family collection of the powerful Borghese family, who poured much of their wealth into the patronage of the best Renaissance-era artists. It contains masterpieces not only by Bernini and Caravaggio, but also Raphael, Rubens, and Titian. Don't miss in particular Caravaggio's David with the Head of Goliath - the head is said to be a self-portrait. It's obligatory to book your visit in advance, you'll need a printable confirmation and a booking number.

National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art

See the most important collection in existence of Italian modern art.

The gallery was founded in 1883, although the current museum building was purpose-built for it in 1911. It displays paintings and sculptures of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and is the largest such collection in Italy. In addition to Italian artists such as Giorgio de Chirico and Giorgio Morandi, you'll find works from non-Italian artists including Degas, Monet, and Jackson Pollock.

Piazza Navona

Stand in one of the most beautiful squares in Rome, home to the famous Fontana dei Fiumi Fountain by Bernini.

A Roman rendezvous, Piazza Navona is, for many people, the most beautiful square in the world. Like many of Rome's landmarks, Piazza Navona is located over the foundations of an ancient monument, a 30,000 seat stadium of Domitian. The former tiers of seats have since made way for ornate fountains, exuberant baroque palazzi, and bustling pavement cafes. The square has long been the hub for local life, hosting Rome's main market for over 300 years. Today it attracts a colorful circus of tourists, performers, hawkers, street artists, and pigeons. The first visit to Piazza Navona might well result in a stiff neck from gazing up at all the sumptuous Baroque beauty.

Pantheon

Visit this iconic former pagan temple converted into a Christian church.

This sanctuary of impressive dimensions is one of the best-preserved buildings of ancient Rome. Erected on the foundations of an earlier temple dating back to 27 BC, its construction was ordered by the Emporer Hadrian in the second century AD. The Pantheon was originally a Pagan temple dedidated to all of the gods. The building's consecration as a church in 609 AD saved it from the abandonment, destruction, and the worst of the spoliation that befell the majority of ancient Rome's buildings during the early medieval period. Its greying exterior may look its age, but inside, a spectacular experience awaits. With light streaming through its oculus, the marble-clad interior seems vast. The Pantheon is home to some notable tombs, including those of painters Annibale Carracci and Raphael and King Vittorio Emanuele II.

Column of Marcus Aurelius

Column formerly dedicated to Emperor Marcus Aurelius; a statue of St. Paul now stands in place of his.

If you turn left at the far end of the Temple of Adrian, you'll arrive at the Column of Marcus Aurelius (Colonna di Marco Aurelio). The column located on Piazza Colonna commemorates the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his victories over the Germanic tribes in Danubian and Marcomannic wars. It was modeled on Trajan's Column (which is located in Trajan's Forum). The column consists of 27 or 28 blocks of Carrara marble, each of 3.7 meters (12 ft) diameter, and was nicknamed the Centenaria, "hundred-footer" because it was 100 Roman feet or 29.60 meters high. On the top of the column was a statue of Marcus Aurelius; today, the apostle Paul stands there.

Via del Corso

One of the main streets in Rome.

The main street running alongside the Piazza Colonna is one of the main streets in Rome, called the Via del Corso. It is remarkable for being absolutely straight in an area characterized by narrow meandering alleys and small piazzas. Its runs 1.5km from Piazza del Popolo all the way to Piazza Venezia and is one of the busiest shopping streets in Rome. You’ll find lots of large international stores all over the street including major retailers such as Nike and Zara, as well as smaller Italian retailers where bargains on boutique pieces of Italian clothing and souvenirs can be found.

Spanish Steps

Take a scenic walk up the 18th-century stairway where Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck set out on their Roman Holiday.

The majestically balustraded Spanish Steps were built in 1723-6 to connect the piazza with the church of the Trinita dei Monti and the Pincio. It quickly became a favorite spot of poets, artists, and writers who gathered on its 137 steps, and it's now a favorite stop for tourists from all over the world. Yet this highly attractive stairway still somehow manages to retain a sense of romance even at the height of the tourist season, and if you happen to get there at the beginning of May you’ll find it laden with tubs of magnificent azaleas. A masterpiece of 18th-century town planning, the steps actually contain a religious message – the three flights and three landings are an allusion to the Holy Trinity.

Keats-Shelly House

Visit the last residence of poet John Keats, now a memorial museum.

The Keats-Shelley House at the foot of the Spanish Steps to the right contains the apartment where the poet John Keats spent the last three months of his life. The House is essentially an archive of English-language literary and historical works and a museum of manuscripts and literary mementoes relating to the Keats circle of the early 19th century, i.e. Keats himself, Percy and Mary Shelley and Byron (who at one time lived across the square).

The Trevi Fountain

Admire one of the most iconic sights in Rome, made famous by Anita Ekberg in La Dolce Vita.

The Trevi Fountain is one of the most iconic sights in Rome thanks to the antics of the shapely Anita Ekberg casting herself into its waters in Frederico Fellini’s cinematic masterpiece, La Dolce Vita. The fountain curiously seems to appear out of virtually nowhere within a warren of backstreets but is nevertheless discovered reasonably early each day by endless crowds of tourists looking to ensure their future return to Rome by tossing a coin back over their should into its crystal clear water (the coins are raked up each morning and donated to the Church organization Caritas). 

Mausoleum of Augustus

Visit the tomb of the first Roman Emperor and his family, which is finally being restored after more than a millenium of neglect.

The huge circular Mausoleum of Augustus, holding the tomb of the Emperor and the principal members of his family was one of the most sacred monuments of the ancient city, but has been somewhat neglected in recent decades, though it has undergone recent restoration. Erected in 28 BC and originally surrounded by a huge public park, it has a diameter of 87m (330 Roman feet), the largest circular mausoleum in the world. 

Piazza del Popolo

Take some time to admire this elegant square that once served as an impressive main entry point into the city of Rome.

The Piazza del Popolo was created in 1538 for Paul III in strict alignment with the three long straight streets which penetrate the city here as a trident. The piazza once acted as one the primary entrances into Rome, and many travelers recorded their first arrival in Rome through the monumental Porta del Popolo, which may have been designed by Michelangelo. An obelisk, 24m high, rises in the center and on the side of the piazza opposite the porta are the twin decorative 17th-century Baroque churches, Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto.

Vittorio Emanuele II Monument

Visit this grand monument and ascend to the roof through an elevator at the back for the wonderful views of the Roman Forum and Colosseum.

Standing grand and mighty on Capitoline Hill overlooking Piazza Venezia, the monumental marble temple honouring Italy's first king Vittorio Emanuele II is a sight often overlooked by tourists. The impressive wedding cake-like building is home to one of the best views in Rome. Ascend to its rooftop and you can enjoy amazing views over the Roman Forum and Colosseum.  The monument is also the sight of the Altar of the Fatherland (Altare della Patria), which includes an altar to the goddess Rome, and a shrine to the Italian Unknown Soldier, thus making the monument a sort of secular temple dedicated to the country. However, it's unlikely the relatively modest and unassuming Vittorio would have appreciated this massive monument built to his legacy. Inaugurated in 1911 to symbolize the achievement of Italian unity, it irrevocably changed the aspect of the city, throwing out of scale the Capitoline hill itself and causing indiscriminate damage. Familiarly known as ‘Mussolini’s typewriter’ (it was finished during his regime in 1937), it is thought by some locals to be a colossal monstrosity, although for others its symbolic importance makes it a place of reverence, regardless of any architectural criticism.

Capitoline Square & Capitoline Museums

See the square Michelangelo designed to mark the spot of Rome's legendary origins.

This square at the top of the Capitoline Hill, Piazza del Campidoglio, is a lovely piece of town planning designed by Michelangelo. It is surrounded on three sides by stately palaces and an open-end featuring a balustrade. This is the historical center of ancient Rome, and to reflect this fact, Pope Paul III ordered that the famous gilded bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius be moved here from the Lateran hill.  Off of one corner of the square you will find a reproduction of the famous Lupa Capitolina, that is, the statue of the she-wolf that suckled the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. Wander just a bit further and you will be rewarded with an amazing view over the Forum. You'll also find the Capitoline Museums in one of the 15th century palaces fronting the square. These are some of the oldest collections in Rome, containing Classical Roman, Greek, and Egyptian sculptures, as well as Renaissance art.

Markets of Trajan

Take a look around the world's first shopping mall.

Trajan's Forum was the last great forum built in Rome and rivaled the original Forum in scale and grandiosity. However, the only significant structure that remains now is the semicircular ruins of the Trajan Markets, which are often described as the world's first shopping mall. Arcaded passageways led to offices, shops, and apartments, situated in a multi-story structure. It is still possible to visit some of these levels. Within Trajan's Market you will find the Museum of Imperial Fora, one of the best interactive museums covering Ancient Rome. The labeling in English is unsurpassed and the exhibition rooms both in the museum and the rooms of the markets provide a superb introduction to Roman life and the architecture and building methods that were lost for centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire. Two or three hours spent here is time well invested.

Trajan's Column

Relive a saga of war and conquest on this carved frieze as it winds its way up a 140-foot high ancient column.

Built in 113 AD out of 18 massive blocks of marble, the column is decorated with exquisitely executed reliefs which spiral up around it. There are over 2,500 carved figures, and the column tells a detailed and highly visual tale of the Emperor Trajan’s Dacian wars. At the top of the column once stood a statue of the victorious Emperor (replaced by St Peter in 1588), and a spiral stone staircase inside led to a platform from which extensive views could be enjoyed over the rooftops of the city. Today the column is visible from the Piazza Venezia without a ticket, but those with a particular interest in Roman history might consider hiring a private guide who can explain the story depicted by the column in more detail.

Baths of Diocletian

Walk the ruins of what was once the largest themal baths in the ancient Roman world.

Covering an area of more than 13 hectares (some 32 acres), the bath complex was commissioned by Emperor Diocletian in 298 AD, with a capacity to host over 3,000 people (twice as many as the Baths of Caracalla). The baths were made of bricks, coated in marble and decorated with mosaics and sculptures. The complex included a gymnasium, a library, a large outdoor swimming pool and cold, hot, and tepid public baths. They remained open until 537 when the Goths cut off the aqueducts in an attempt to conquer Rome. After they fell into disrepair and were left abandoned. Even though only a small part of the public bath complex can be seen and visited, it is extremely impressive, with the possibility to see at some points the high ceilings the baths possessed. The interior includes part of the National Museum of Rome and a permanent exhibition on pre-historic populations of the area. In the outdoor part of the baths, it is possible to stroll through a sixteenth-century garden with nearly 400 works of art, including statues, sarcophagi and reliefs. 

Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli

See a Michelangelo-designed church built within the former Baths of Diocletian.

In 1561, almost 1000 years after the baths of Diocletian fell into disuse, Pope Pius IV decided to build a basilica consecrated to Our Lady of the Angels within the baths. He commisioned the 86-year-old Michelangelo to plan the church, making use of some of the existing structures of the baths. Today a visit to the basilica gives you an idea of the enormous size of the baths. The church was constructed at the site of the former frigidarium (a large cold pool which would be used to close the pores after using the hot baths) and incorporates several elements of the former thermae. The vestibule occupies the former tepidarium (a Roman-style relaxation room) and the imposing entrance is an exedra of the caldarium (a room with a hot plunge bath). Other highlights include the meridian solar line running across the floor, which still accurately calculates the length of the year and the summer and winter solstices. There is also an impressive organ with 5,400 tubes. It is capable of leaving those visitors lucky enough to hear it spellbound.

Palazzo Massimo alle Terme

Visit one of Rome's greatest but most unheralded museums of antiquity.

This light-filled museum holds one of the best classical art collections in the world. The ground and first-floor feature famous Greek and Roman sculptures, mosaics and statues, as well as impressive sarcophagi and high reliefs. The second floor showcases the best preserved Roman frescoes in the world, which are considered the highlight of the museum. Originally located in Villa of Livia (the wife of Augustus) and Villa Farnesina, these colourful frescoes, sometimes covering an entire room, offer a unique view into life in ancient Rome and the critical importance of gardens, nature, and the villa atmosphere to upper echelon Romans. A must visit room is the painted garden room of Villa Livia. There is also a cinema room with a video showing a 3D reconstruction of the Villa Farnesina as it would have been, showing the layout of the rooms in the villa and the frescoes you had seen just moments before. 

Circus Maximus

Watch the locals go for a jog or walk their dogs through what was once the most illustrious sporting venue in the ancient world, where frenzied crowds cheered on their favored team of charioteers in dramatic and sometimes deadly races.

The Circus Maximus lies in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine hills and is the largest uninterrupted open space in the city. It was the first and largest chariot racing circus in Rome, with the first factual reference to it dating from 328 BC. In the days of ancient Rome, the circus was the scene of great entertainment and chariot races and games were held here. Not much remains of it today, but the form of it can still be imagined. 

Baths of Caracalla

Walk around one of the few lasting physical legacies of Emperor Caracalla and admire the structures and well-preserved mosaics of the baths and gyms.

The huge baths are now the best-preserved and most splendid Imperial-era baths in Rome. Built between the years 212 and 216, the baths are one of the most impressive thermae that remains, a site that in its heyday could accommodate 1,600 bathers at a time. As you walk around the imposing walls of the bathhouse you can easily imagine what it would have been like in its glory and splendour. The mosaics on the ground floor are very well preserved and in some places you can even see remnants of games that were carved into the marble of the pool. 

Protestant Cemetery

Visit the lovely final resting place of many famous non-Catholics who died in Rome.

It may not look it from outside the cemetery walls, but it's actually a very romantic setting with tall cypresses and pine trees, and it's beautifully maintained and inhabited by numerous cats. The cemetery was created due to the fact that non-Catholics were not allowed to be buried in Rome's Catholic cemeteries. Since the earliest recorded grave dating from 1738, some 4,000 people have been buried here. The cemetery famously contains the mortal remains of the English romantic poets Johns Keats and Percy Shelley. Other famous tombs in the cemetery include those of the Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci, the son of Goethe, and the American Beat poet Gregory Corso, who was buried here in 2001 at his request next to Shelley.

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Venture even further south to discover this magnificent and usually missed basilica which holds the tomb of St. Paul and dates back to 324 AD.

Founded by the Emperor Constantine over the tomb of St. Paul, the church is one of Rome's four major papal basilicas. Well off the beaten path, those who do visit it are often surprised to have never heard of such a beautiful and impressive church. Decorated with mosaic tile, the interior is breathtaking. Visitors can also find portraits of every pope from St. Peter to Pope Francis.

St Peter's Square

Stand in the middle of this famous square in which the faithful gather to hear the Pope give audiences and celebrate mass.

As one of the most superb conceptions of its kind in civic architecture, St Peter’s Square is the masterpiece of Gian Lorenzo Bernini and makes a wonderful approach to one of the world’s most magnificent churches, St Peter's Basilica. An oval rather than an actual square, the piazza, laid out in 1656-67, is partially enclosed by two semi-circular colonnades on which stand 96 statues of saints and martyrs. At the center of the oval stands an 84-foot (26m) tall Egyptian obelisk of red granite.

Sistine Chapel

Gaze up at the world's most famous ceiling, the masterpiece of Michelangelo.

This famous chapel inside the Vatican Museums is best known for Michelangelo's 16th-century painted ceiling of "The Creation of Adam" and "The Last Judgement" fresco that covers the whole altar wall of the chapel. The jaw-dropping sight is not to be missed, considered one of the top highlights of visiting the Vatican Museums and one of the top artistic wonders of the world. 

Vatican Museums

Book early if you want to see the Vatican Museum's monumental works of art from the greatest Italian artists of the Renaissance.

The Vatican Museum is actually 26 different museums, which include not only exhibitions but chapels, apartments, and other rooms of the Vatican palace, covering a huge range of fine and applied arts patronized by the popes. There's also an outstanding collection of ancient antiquities (including even the Emperor Nero's red stone bathtub), a gallery of hand-painted maps, and whole rooms turned into works of art. In addition to ancient and medieval works of art, you'll see masterpieces by the "who's who" of the Italian Renaissance, including Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, and Caravaggio. Other highlights include panels by the brilliant monk-artist Fra Angelico, works from the Venetian school, including Vavarini, and much, much more.  Booking in advance is highly recommended as otherwise you can wait for hours or not even be able to get in at all.

St Peter’s Basilica

Explore the gigantic and incredibly beautiful church known as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom".

The basilica is one of the chief pilgrimage sites in the Christian world, and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Rome. The basilica is the symbolic center of the church not only because the Pope frequently celebrates Mass there, but because it is believed that the apostle St. Peter is buried beneath it. Catholics consider Peter as the first Bishop of Rome and "the rock" upon which the Catholic Church was built, in accordance with Christ's instructions. Inside you can admire sculptures by Bernini as well as Michelangelo's famous sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the crucified Jesus, known as The Pietà. The church's elaborate and impressive golden interior is a sight to behold. Other sights include St Peter's tomb, the Papal crypts in the necropolis under the basilica, as well as the dome, which rewards visitors with views over Rome.  Entry is free, but queues to visit the Basilica can be lengthy, so it is highly advised to either get there early or to purchase a skip the line entrance. The dome is also paid entry. 

Vatican Gardens

Escape the crowds in this oasis of green hidden behind the walls of the Vatican.

Accessible only via a guided tour, the gardens are definitely worth a visit. Just as the Popes have for hundreds of years, you can stroll the gardens and relax amidst the greenery, while taking in the perfect view of St. Peter's. 

Mausoleum of Hadrian

Visit this iconic 2nd Century Castle built as the Mausoleum For Emperor Hadrian.

Known as Hadrian's Tomb, the Castel Sant'Angelo is a fortress on the banks of the River Tiber. Originally built as a tomb for the Emperor, it has evolved over the centuries and today it is one of Rome's most underrated museums. Inside you can see the historic Papal apartments, decorated with frescoes from the Renaissance period. Outside you can admire the castle's bastion and rooftop with beautiful views over the river and the Vatican. 

Ponte Sant'Angelo

Walk across this pedestrian bridge that was built in 134 A.D. by Emperor Hadrian.

Hadrian had the bridge built as an approach to his mausoleum, but it didn't gain its magnificent angel statues by Bernini until late in the 17th century. Spanning the River Tiber, it is completely pedestrianised, which allows for great photo opportunities of the castle and St Peter's Basilica in the near distance. 

Basilica di Santa Maria

Step inside this mosaic-covered gem of Rome, and then linger for a while to people watch on the square its located on.

Said to be the oldest church dedicated to the Virgin Mary in Rome, it dates back to the 3rd Century. Despite being located on the central square of one of Rome's most popular neighborhoods for dining and nightlife, the Basilica di Santa Maria is often missed by visitors. Most just stop outside to admire its 12th-century facade and its glittering mosaic depicting Mary feeding Jesus. Its interior though is the true draw, as it is home to impressive golden mosaics from the 13th century by Pietro Cavallini, and its nave is held up by 21 ancient Roman columns pillaged from the Baths of Caracalla.  After visiting the church, be sure to hang out for a little while on the square to appreciate the lively vibe of the Trastevere neighborhood.