Southern European Treasures: A 15-Day Cultural Odyssey in Portugal, Spain & Italy

Add your footsteps to those of kings, guards, lovers and thrill-seekers.

The Moorish Castle of Sintra, perched high on the hills of the Sintra Mountains in Portugal, is a dramatic ruin offering a glimpse into the region's medieval past. Constructed during the 8th and 9th centuries by the Moors, this fortress served as a strategic defensive outpost. Visitors can walk along its restored battlements, which provide breathtaking panoramic views of Sintra, the Atlantic Ocean, and the lush surrounding forests. The castle's stone walls, towers, and ancient cisterns evoke the era of Muslim rule and the subsequent Christian Reconquest. Exploring the Moorish Castle of Sintra is a journey through history, where you can imagine the lives of its inhabitants while enjoying one of the most spectacular vistas in Portugal.

Explore the mysterious grounds of this 19th-century chateau... They were designed to be mysterious.

Quinta da Regaleira is an ornate estate located near Sintra's historic center, famous for its elaborate gardens and mysterious symbolism. Commissioned by the wealthy Portuguese businessman António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro and designed by Italian architect Luigi Manini, the estate was completed in 1910 and the estate's design reflects Monteiro's interests in alchemy, Freemasonry, and the Rosicrucians. In 1997, it was purchased by the Portuguese government, has becoming a popular tourist destination.

Scale the heights to this pleasure-dome of Portuguese Royalty.

The National Palace of Pena, perched atop a peak in the Sintra Mountains of Portugal, is a striking example of 19th-century Romanticism. This colorful palace, in vivid hues of red and yellow, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Portugal's Seven Wonders. Originally a monastery, it was transformed into a royal retreat by King Ferdinand II, who infused the design with eclectic elements from Gothic, Renaissance, and Moorish styles. Visitors can explore its lavishly decorated interiors, including the opulent Royal Dining Room and the serene Chapel of Our Lady of Pena. The palace is surrounded by the Pena Park, a sprawling forested area with exotic plants, winding paths, and stunning viewpoints. A visit to the National Palace of Pena offers a magical glimpse into Portugal's royal history and architectural splendor.

Gain a sense of Portuguese history while wandering this castle's lavish rooms.

The National Palace of Sintra is a stunning example of Manueline and Moorish architecture. A significant site since the 15th century, it is the best-preserved medieval royal residence in Portugal. Distinguished by its two massive, conical chimneys, the palace contains ornate rooms such as the Swan Room, the Magpie Room, and the Coats of Arms Room, each adorned with intricate tilework and ceiling paintings. The palace also features beautifully landscaped courtyards and patios, offering lofty views of the surrounding landscape. A visit to the National Palace of Sintra reveals the lifestyle of Portuguese royalty and the artistic heritage of the region.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Originally a 10th-century fortress, it features the exquisite Patio de las Doncellas, the grand Salón de Embajadores, and lush, expansive gardens.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Spain's rich cultural history and architectural prowess. Originally built in the 10th century as a fortress for the Cordoban governors of Seville, the Alcázar was later transformed into a magnificent royal palace. This evolution resulted in a unique blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, creating a visually stunning and historically significant monument. Visitors can explore the enchanting Patio de las Doncellas, a courtyard renowned for its intricate tilework and lush greenery. The Salón de Embajadores, once the site of grand state affairs, dazzles with its elaborate decoration and regal ambiance. The Alcázar's expansive gardens are a highlight, featuring tranquil fountains, fragrant orange trees, and meticulously maintained landscapes. These gardens offer a serene escape and a vivid glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of Spain's Moorish and Christian rulers.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Originally a 10th-century fortress, it features the exquisite Patio de las Doncellas, the grand Salón de Embajadores, and lush, expansive gardens.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Spain's rich cultural history and architectural prowess. Originally built in the 10th century as a fortress for the Cordoban governors of Seville, the Alcázar was later transformed into a magnificent royal palace. This evolution resulted in a unique blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, creating a visually stunning and historically significant monument. Visitors can explore the enchanting Patio de las Doncellas, a courtyard renowned for its intricate tilework and lush greenery. The Salón de Embajadores, once the site of grand state affairs, dazzles with its elaborate decoration and regal ambiance. The Alcázar's expansive gardens are a highlight, featuring tranquil fountains, fragrant orange trees, and meticulously maintained landscapes. These gardens offer a serene escape and a vivid glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of Spain's Moorish and Christian rulers.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Originally a 10th-century fortress, it features the exquisite Patio de las Doncellas, the grand Salón de Embajadores, and lush, expansive gardens.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Spain's rich cultural history and architectural prowess. Originally built in the 10th century as a fortress for the Cordoban governors of Seville, the Alcázar was later transformed into a magnificent royal palace. This evolution resulted in a unique blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, creating a visually stunning and historically significant monument. Visitors can explore the enchanting Patio de las Doncellas, a courtyard renowned for its intricate tilework and lush greenery. The Salón de Embajadores, once the site of grand state affairs, dazzles with its elaborate decoration and regal ambiance. The Alcázar's expansive gardens are a highlight, featuring tranquil fountains, fragrant orange trees, and meticulously maintained landscapes. These gardens offer a serene escape and a vivid glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of Spain's Moorish and Christian rulers.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a stunning blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Originally a 10th-century fortress, it features the exquisite Patio de las Doncellas, the grand Salón de Embajadores, and lush, expansive gardens.

The Seville Alcázar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands as a testament to Spain's rich cultural history and architectural prowess. Originally built in the 10th century as a fortress for the Cordoban governors of Seville, the Alcázar was later transformed into a magnificent royal palace. This evolution resulted in a unique blend of Mudéjar, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, creating a visually stunning and historically significant monument. Visitors can explore the enchanting Patio de las Doncellas, a courtyard renowned for its intricate tilework and lush greenery. The Salón de Embajadores, once the site of grand state affairs, dazzles with its elaborate decoration and regal ambiance. The Alcázar's expansive gardens are a highlight, featuring tranquil fountains, fragrant orange trees, and meticulously maintained landscapes. These gardens offer a serene escape and a vivid glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of Spain's Moorish and Christian rulers.

Experience the grandeur of Plaza de Toros, Spain's oldest and most iconic bullring.

Built in 1785, this Neoclassical bullring is renowned for its monumental architecture and historical significance as a birthplace of modern bullfighting. Explore the ring’s sandy arena, follow the path of bulls and bullfighters through the arena complex, and wander through its museum to learn about the art and tradition of bullfighting.

Marvel at the iconic Mirador Puente Nuevo de Ronda, where breathtaking views of the New Bridge and a stunning waterfall come together in a perfect scene.

This vantage point offers a dramatic perspective of the 18th-century Puente Nuevo, soaring 320 feet (98m) above the El Tajo gorge, with the Guadalevín River cascading into a beautiful waterfall below. The combination of the bridge’s architectural grandeur, the rushing water, and the gorge’s rugged cliffs creates an unforgettable panorama.

Experience the grandeur of Plaza de Toros, Spain's oldest and most iconic bullring.

Built in 1785, this Neoclassical bullring is renowned for its monumental architecture and historical significance as a birthplace of modern bullfighting. Explore the ring’s sandy arena, follow the path of bulls and bullfighters through the arena complex, and wander through its museum to learn about the art and tradition of bullfighting.

Marvel at the iconic Mirador Puente Nuevo de Ronda, where breathtaking views of the New Bridge and a stunning waterfall come together in a perfect scene.

This vantage point offers a dramatic perspective of the 18th-century Puente Nuevo, soaring 320 feet (98m) above the El Tajo gorge, with the Guadalevín River cascading into a beautiful waterfall below. The combination of the bridge’s architectural grandeur, the rushing water, and the gorge’s rugged cliffs creates an unforgettable panorama.

Marvel at the grandeur of Girona Cathedral, an architectural gem blending Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles, offering breathtaking views over the city from its elevated position.

Perched atop 90 steps, the Girona Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona, dominates the skyline with its imposing presence. Construction began in the 11th century, and its design evolved over centuries, incorporating a unique mix of architectural styles. The cathedral boasts the widest Gothic nave in the world, a testament to the city's historical wealth and artistic ambition. Inside, visitors can admire exquisite stained glass windows, a beautifully carved altarpiece, and a collection of medieval manuscripts and artifacts. The cathedral's location provides a stunning panoramic view of Girona, making it a must-visit highlight for both its historical significance and aesthetic beauty.  

Step back in time at the Arab Baths, a stunning example of medieval architecture inspired by Roman and Moorish influences.

The Arab Baths, or Banys Àrabs, in Girona are a unique blend of Roman and Moorish architectural styles, dating back to the 12th century. Originally constructed as public baths, they feature a distinct layout with a central octagonal pool, surrounded by slender columns and intricately carved arches. The baths were used for various purposes, including hygiene, relaxation, and social gatherings, reflecting the cultural influences of the time. Today, visitors can explore the well-preserved structure and admire its historical significance and architectural beauty. The serene ambiance and the detailed stonework offer a fascinating glimpse into Girona's rich past.  

Marvel at the colorful riverfront houses of the Onyar River, a picturesque sight that captures the essence of Girona's historical charm.

The Casas del Onyar are an iconic series of colorful houses that line the banks of the Onyar River in Girona, Spain. These vibrant facades, reflecting in the water, create a stunning visual spectacle that has become a symbol of the city. Dating back to medieval times, these houses have been meticulously preserved and restored, showcasing a variety of architectural styles and hues. Walking along the riverbank or crossing one of the charming pedestrian bridges, visitors can appreciate the harmonious blend of history and aesthetics. The area is not just visually appealing but also steeped in history, with each house telling a story of Girona's rich cultural heritage.  

Marvel at the grandeur of Girona Cathedral, an architectural gem blending Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles, offering breathtaking views over the city from its elevated position.

Perched atop 90 steps, the Girona Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona, dominates the skyline with its imposing presence. Construction began in the 11th century, and its design evolved over centuries, incorporating a unique mix of architectural styles. The cathedral boasts the widest Gothic nave in the world, a testament to the city's historical wealth and artistic ambition. Inside, visitors can admire exquisite stained glass windows, a beautifully carved altarpiece, and a collection of medieval manuscripts and artifacts. The cathedral's location provides a stunning panoramic view of Girona, making it a must-visit highlight for both its historical significance and aesthetic beauty.  

Visit Rome's most famous art gallery outside of the Vatican Museums.

The gallery started out as the private family collection of the powerful Borghese family, who poured much of their wealth into the patronage of the best Renaissance-era artists. It contains masterpieces not only by Bernini and Caravaggio, but also Raphael, Rubens, and Titian. Don't miss in particular Caravaggio's David with the Head of Goliath - the head is said to be a self-portrait. It's obligatory to book your visit in advance, you'll need a printable confirmation and a booking number.

See the most important collection in existence of Italian modern art.

The gallery was founded in 1883, although the current museum building was purpose-built for it in 1911. It displays paintings and sculptures of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and is the largest such collection in Italy. In addition to Italian artists such as Giorgio de Chirico and Giorgio Morandi, you'll find works from non-Italian artists including Degas, Monet, and Jackson Pollock.

Take a peak at a 16th-century cardinal's villa that was once considered one of the grandest residences in the city.

Built-in 1564-74 and bought by Cardinal Ferdinando de'Medici in 1576, who further enlarged it, the Medici Villa was considered one of the grandest residences in the city. Galileo was held under house arrest here by the Inquisition in 1630-3. In 1801, the villa was bought by Napoleon and the French Academy was transferred here where it has remained to this day, meaning it is closed to the general public. French students who win the Prix de Rome are sent to study here for periods of six months to two years at the expense of the French government. Well-known scholars include Berlioz, Debussy, and Ingres. It remains one of the most important cultural institutions in Europe and the most beautiful villas to have preserved its garden in the center of Rome.

Visit Rome's most famous art gallery outside of the Vatican Museums.

The gallery started out as the private family collection of the powerful Borghese family, who poured much of their wealth into the patronage of the best Renaissance-era artists. It contains masterpieces not only by Bernini and Caravaggio, but also Raphael, Rubens, and Titian. Don't miss in particular Caravaggio's David with the Head of Goliath - the head is said to be a self-portrait. It's obligatory to book your visit in advance, you'll need a printable confirmation and a booking number.

Take a look around the world's first shopping mall.

Trajan's Forum was the last great forum built in Rome and rivaled the original Forum in scale and grandiosity. However, the only significant structure that remains now is the semicircular ruins of the Trajan Markets, which are often described as the world's first shopping mall. Arcaded passageways led to offices, shops, and apartments, situated in a multi-story structure. It is still possible to visit some of these levels. Within Trajan's Market you will find the Museum of Imperial Fora, one of the best interactive museums covering Ancient Rome. The labeling in English is unsurpassed and the exhibition rooms both in the museum and the rooms of the markets provide a superb introduction to Roman life and the architecture and building methods that were lost for centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire. Two or three hours spent here is time well invested.

Relive a saga of war and conquest on this carved frieze as it winds its way up a 140-foot high ancient column.

Built in 113 AD out of 18 massive blocks of marble, the column is decorated with exquisitely executed reliefs which spiral up around it. There are over 2,500 carved figures, and the column tells a detailed and highly visual tale of the Emperor Trajan’s Dacian wars. At the top of the column once stood a statue of the victorious Emperor (replaced by St Peter in 1588), and a spiral stone staircase inside led to a platform from which extensive views could be enjoyed over the rooftops of the city. Today the column is visible from the Piazza Venezia without a ticket, but those with a particular interest in Roman history might consider hiring a private guide who can explain the story depicted by the column in more detail.

Visit this grand monument and ascend to the roof through an elevator at the back for the wonderful views of the Roman Forum and Colosseum.

Standing grand and mighty on Capitoline Hill overlooking Piazza Venezia, the monumental marble temple honouring Italy's first king Vittorio Emanuele II is a sight often overlooked by tourists. The impressive wedding cake-like building is home to one of the best views in Rome. Ascend to its rooftop and you can enjoy amazing views over the Roman Forum and Colosseum.  The monument is also the sight of the Altar of the Fatherland (Altare della Patria), which includes an altar to the goddess Rome, and a shrine to the Italian Unknown Soldier, thus making the monument a sort of secular temple dedicated to the country. However, it's unlikely the relatively modest and unassuming Vittorio would have appreciated this massive monument built to his legacy. Inaugurated in 1911 to symbolize the achievement of Italian unity, it irrevocably changed the aspect of the city, throwing out of scale the Capitoline hill itself and causing indiscriminate damage. Familiarly known as ‘Mussolini’s typewriter’ (it was finished during his regime in 1937), it is thought by some locals to be a colossal monstrosity, although for others its symbolic importance makes it a place of reverence, regardless of any architectural criticism.

See the square Michelangelo designed to mark the spot of Rome's legendary origins.

This square at the top of the Capitoline Hill, Piazza del Campidoglio, is a lovely piece of town planning designed by Michelangelo. It is surrounded on three sides by stately palaces and an open-end featuring a balustrade. This is the historical center of ancient Rome, and to reflect this fact, Pope Paul III ordered that the famous gilded bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius be moved here from the Lateran hill.  Off of one corner of the square you will find a reproduction of the famous Lupa Capitolina, that is, the statue of the she-wolf that suckled the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. Wander just a bit further and you will be rewarded with an amazing view over the Forum. You'll also find the Capitoline Museums in one of the 15th century palaces fronting the square. These are some of the oldest collections in Rome, containing Classical Roman, Greek, and Egyptian sculptures, as well as Renaissance art.

Book early if you want to see the Vatican Museum's monumental works of art from the greatest Italian artists of the Renaissance.

The Vatican Museum is actually 26 different museums, which include not only exhibitions but chapels, apartments, and other rooms of the Vatican palace, covering a huge range of fine and applied arts patronized by the popes. There's also an outstanding collection of ancient antiquities (including even the Emperor Nero's red stone bathtub), a gallery of hand-painted maps, and whole rooms turned into works of art. In addition to ancient and medieval works of art, you'll see masterpieces by the "who's who" of the Italian Renaissance, including Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, and Caravaggio. Other highlights include panels by the brilliant monk-artist Fra Angelico, works from the Venetian school, including Vavarini, and much, much more.  Booking in advance is highly recommended as otherwise you can wait for hours or not even be able to get in at all.

Explore the gigantic and incredibly beautiful church known as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom".

The basilica is one of the chief pilgrimage sites in the Christian world, and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Rome. The basilica is the symbolic center of the church not only because the Pope frequently celebrates Mass there, but because it is believed that the apostle St. Peter is buried beneath it. Catholics consider Peter as the first Bishop of Rome and "the rock" upon which the Catholic Church was built, in accordance with Christ's instructions. Inside you can admire sculptures by Bernini as well as Michelangelo's famous sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the crucified Jesus, known as The Pietà. The church's elaborate and impressive golden interior is a sight to behold. Other sights include St Peter's tomb, the Papal crypts in the necropolis under the basilica, as well as the dome, which rewards visitors with views over Rome.  Entry is free, but queues to visit the Basilica can be lengthy, so it is highly advised to either get there early or to purchase a skip the line entrance. The dome is also paid entry. 

Escape the crowds in this oasis of green hidden behind the walls of the Vatican.

Accessible only via a guided tour, the gardens are definitely worth a visit. Just as the Popes have for hundreds of years, you can stroll the gardens and relax amidst the greenery, while taking in the perfect view of St. Peter's. 

Stand in the middle of this famous square in which the faithful gather to hear the Pope give audiences and celebrate mass.

As one of the most superb conceptions of its kind in civic architecture, St Peter’s Square is the masterpiece of Gian Lorenzo Bernini and makes a wonderful approach to one of the world’s most magnificent churches, St Peter's Basilica. An oval rather than an actual square, the piazza, laid out in 1656-67, is partially enclosed by two semi-circular colonnades on which stand 96 statues of saints and martyrs. At the center of the oval stands an 84-foot (26m) tall Egyptian obelisk of red granite.

Gaze up at the world's most famous ceiling, the masterpiece of Michelangelo.

This famous chapel inside the Vatican Museums is best known for Michelangelo's 16th-century painted ceiling of "The Creation of Adam" and "The Last Judgement" fresco that covers the whole altar wall of the chapel. The jaw-dropping sight is not to be missed, considered one of the top highlights of visiting the Vatican Museums and one of the top artistic wonders of the world. 

Book early if you want to see the Vatican Museum's monumental works of art from the greatest Italian artists of the Renaissance.

The Vatican Museum is actually 26 different museums, which include not only exhibitions but chapels, apartments, and other rooms of the Vatican palace, covering a huge range of fine and applied arts patronized by the popes. There's also an outstanding collection of ancient antiquities (including even the Emperor Nero's red stone bathtub), a gallery of hand-painted maps, and whole rooms turned into works of art. In addition to ancient and medieval works of art, you'll see masterpieces by the "who's who" of the Italian Renaissance, including Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, and Caravaggio. Other highlights include panels by the brilliant monk-artist Fra Angelico, works from the Venetian school, including Vavarini, and much, much more.  Booking in advance is highly recommended as otherwise you can wait for hours or not even be able to get in at all.